ISU annually compiles a list of soybean varieties available to Iowa farmers with resistance to the soybean cyst nematode (SCN). The work is supported by soybean checkoff funds from the Iowa Soybean Association (ISA). The ISU Extension publication, Soybean Cyst Nematode-resistant Soybean Varieties for Iowa, recently was updated and is available for download online. There are 872 varieties from 25 brands offered by 22 companies in the new publication. The list includes information about the maturity, herbicide resistance or tolerance, SCN resistance genetics, and iron deficiency chlorosis tolerance for each variety as well as contact information for the suppliers of the varieties. Most of the varieties have herbicide resistance or tolerance, but there are 61 varieties among eight different brands that do not.
Growing SCN resistant varieties in rotation with the SCN nonhost corn and using nematode-protectant soybean seed treatments is recommended for integrated management of SCN. Effective resistant varieties will produce profitable yields in SCN-infested fields and also will prevent large increases in SCN numbers.
Lots of choices, but very little genetic diversity
There are several different soybean breeding lines, called sources of resistance, that can be used to develop SCN-resistant soybean varieties. For 30 years, PI 88788 has been the most commonly used source of resistance, with more than 95% of the varieties available for use in Iowa since 2006 containing PI 88788 SCN resistance (see figure below).
Of the 872 varieties described in the new publication, 836 or 96% have PI 88788 SCN resistance, 34 have Peking SCN resistance, and there are 2 with resistance from PI 89772. The PI 88788 resistance has been predominantly used primarily because varieties with this resistance had greater yields than varieties with other sources of resistance. But that situation is no longer true because of changes in SCN populations in the fields where they are grown, as explained below.
SCN causing yield losses in varieties with PI 88788 resistance
The yields of varieties with PI 88788 resistance may be significantly reduced by SCN because SCN populations in many fields have elevated levels of feeding and reproduction on these varieties. Soybean varieties with Peking SCN resistance can yield as much as 22 bushels per acre more than varieties with PI 88788 resistance in these fields because Peking resistance still is effective at keeping SCN feeding and reproduction in check. See the ICM Newsletter article titled Income in SCN-infested Fields Can Be $200 Per Acre Less With PI 88788 Than With Peking Resistance for a detailed example of this situation.
Farmers growing soybeans in Iowa fields infested with SCN are strongly encouraged to use soybean varieties with Peking SCN resistance in rotation with varieties with PI 88788 SCN resistance to achieve high soybean yields and to keep soil population densities of SCN in check. Peking varieties should not be used repeatedly without rotating with PI 88788 because SCN populations will become resistant to Peking resistance just as they overcame PI 88788 resistance.
Not all varieties with PI 88788 SCN resistance perform equally. Some of these varieties can still yield well, some keep SCN population densities in check, some do both, but some do neither. With soybean checkoff funding from ISA, ISU conducts the nation’s largest variety trial program and assesses yields and SCN control offered by hundreds of SCN-resistant varieties annually. Results of the annual variety evaluations are available online at Iowa State’s SCN-resistant Soybean Variety Trial Program website. Similar information may be available from other university and commercial sources as well.
Links to this article are strongly encouraged, and this article may be republished without further permission if published as written and if credit is given to the author, Integrated Crop Management News, and Iowa State University Extension and Outreach. If this article is to be used in any other manner, permission from the author is required. This article was originally published on October 20, 2021. The information contained within may not be the most current and accurate depending on when it is accessed.
Greg Tylka Morrill Professor
Dr. Greg Tylka is a Morrill Professor in the Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology at Iowa State University with extension and research responsibilities for management of plant-parasitic nematodes. The focus of Dr. Tylka's research program at Iowa State University is primarily the soybea...