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Combines are the most important seed dispersal mechanism for weeds in our cropping system.  While a small amount of seed may leave the field with grain, most weed seed that enter the combine with the crop are either spread throughout the field or carried to other fields. Harvest weed seed control (HWSC) involves modifying combines to prevent weed seed present at harvest from being added to the field’s seedbank. Waterhemp is the weed likely to drive the adoption of HWSC in Iowa. For HWSC to be effective, waterhemp must retain the majority of seed prior to harvest.