Fall is one of the best times for managing perennial and biennial weeds found in pastures or other areas maintained in perennial grass. As perennials prepare for the upcoming winter, they move energy reserves from shoots to their perennial vegetative reproductive structures (e.g. rhizomes, perennial rootstocks).
Broadleaf and blackseed plantain Plantago major L. and P. rugelii
Wild four-o’clock Mirabilis nyctaginea (Michx.) MacM.
Family: Nyctagineaceae (Four-o’clock family)
Life cycle: Perennial, reproducing by seed and taproot
Habitat: Pastures, prairies, crop fields, waste areas
Native status: Native to North America
Curly dock Rumex crispus L.
Family: Polygonaceae (Smartweed family)
Life cycle: Perennial, reproducing by seed
Native status: Introduced
Habitat: Pastures, roadsides, low maintenance turf, waste areas
Yellow woodsorrel Oxalis stricta L.
Family: Oxalidaceae (Woodsorrel family)
Life cycle: Perennial/annual depending upon climate
Native status: Native to N. America
Habitat: Poorly maintained turf; waste areas
