Japanese knotweed Fallopia japonica (Houtt.)
Family: Polygonaceae (Smartweed family)
Life cycle: Perennial, reproducing by rhizomes and seed
Habitat: Streambanks, roadsides, waste areas
Native status: Introduced from Asia.
General description: Erect, aggressive perennial typically found in dense patches due to spread of rhizomes. Stems reach heights of 6 ft, hollow, resembling bamboo shoots. Leaves are alternate, egg shaped, up to 8 in long. White flowers develop in elongated (4-6 in) clusters originating from leaf axils.
Key ID traits: Forms dense patches of erect plants with bamboo-like stem and egg shaped leaves. Ochrea surrounds stem at leaf axils. Leaves come off stems in a zig-zag manner.
Similar species: The initial introductions of J. knotweed were sterile, but it is believed many of the current populations are hybrids between F. japonica and F. sachalinesis. Cultivars have been developed for landscaping, including compact varieties that have been planted on the ISU campus.
Miscellaneous: Plant was introduced as a garden ornamental from Japan, but its invasive behavior was quickly noted. Once it becomes established it is very difficult to control. Also called Japanese bamboo.
Meaghan Anderson Field Agronomist in Central Iowa
Meaghan Anderson is a field agronomist in central Iowa and an extension field specialist at Iowa State University Extension and Outreach. Educational programming is available for farmers, agribusinesses, pesticide applicators, certified crop advisors, and other individuals interested in...